Final topic 4 module

Everyone wants to have a healthy mind and body. I want it too and have some ideas and examples to make dreams of millions come true.

How would you cope without modern gadgets? What would you do if you didn't have your mobile phone, your MP3 player, or your games console? Believe it or not, you might be better off. 

For example when you make the same motion again and again in a confined space, repeated arm motions can cause strain to your shoulder. Secondly Earphones play the music directly into your ear canal.  High volume can cause hearing loss. Third thing is that too much texting can cause thumb arthritis. This can lead to restriction of movement, swelling, and pain. After that I want to tell you that  mobile phone is full of bacteria. When you press it against your face and ear, it can lead to skin problems such as acne, skin infections and rashes. Finally I want to tell that computers are useful tools for research and entertainment. However, staring at a computer screen for an extended period time can cause eye strain. Some of the symptoms include blurred vision, dry eyes and a difficulty distinguishing between colors. Be careful and try to save yourself rom that. For example you can take frequent breaks, set the volume. 

Today you can buy medicines in every shop, but a lot of people prefer home remedies. For example:
GARLIC

  If you have a cold or the flu, you can add chopped garlic to hot water with a little honey and lemon and make some tea. 
 VINEGAR 
 It's great for minor cuts or itchy rashes. Also you could try adding one cup of white vinegar to a cool bath. This will soothe your skin. 
HONEY 
Like garlic, honey helps destroy bacteria. If you have a cut or a graze, just put a little honey on it and cover it with a plaster. It might help you with insomnia, too. Drinking a glass of warm milk with some honey in it can help you sleep.

TEA
During the headache you can Boil some water and make yourself a nice cup of tea! The caffeine in the tea will open up the constricted blood vessels that cause a headache.
 BAKING SODA
If you have smelly feet, sprinkle some baking soda in your shoes and have odour-free feet all day long. Baking soda is a great natural anti- perspirant. 
GINGER
  When you have an upset stomach,you could try chewing a piece of ginger. You can also do this before a journey if you suffer from travel sickness Ginger may also help you if you have bad breath.

Next I want to tell about dangerous animals in Australia.

Spiders 
Australia has some of the most dangerous spiders in the world. The dark-coloured funnel- web spider is one of the most poisonous. Its teeth are so strong that it can even bite through a shoe! If one bites you, you need anti-venin very quickly. Another scary spider is the redback with the red stripe on its back. It hides in backyards and sometimes homes, Redback spider lives all over Australia  and it can give a very nasty bite causing horrible pain.
  Sea creatures
 Watch out for Australia's many dangerous sea creatures. Especially the box jellyfish. It's almost invisible to swimmers and has caused more deaths than snakes, sharks and crocodiles put together. Each of its 3-metre-long tentacles has 500,000 needles for injecting venom into victims. Although it's very small, the blue- ringed octopus is also deadly! This pretty octopus lives in rock pools and has enough venom to kill 10 men. Watch out for the 6-metre- long salt- water crocodile, too. They can go 240 km inland or out into the ocean and attack anything that moves, even sharks!

Snakes
 The ten most poisonous snakes in the world all live in Australia! The inland taipan is the most dangerous in the world and its venom is 50 times stronger than an Indian Cobra's. Th eastern brown snake is a long (up to 1.8 metres!), fast-moving snake and the second most dangerous in the world.

After that I want to tell about French Spider man

While no one is looking, Frenchman Alain Robert jumps up an office building and starts to climb the wall. He hangs from balconies, crawls along ledges and grips the edges of the glass and concrete.  He is using only his bare hands! Alain has climbed over 85 of the tallest structures in the world, including the Eiffel Tower, the Empire State Building and the Petronas Twin Towers in Malaysia. One of his first climbs was at the age of twelve. Also Alain suffers from vertigo he feels dizzy when he is up high! He has fallen seven times, suffering dozens of broken bones, which has left him partly disabled. Apart from raising awareness about world issues such as climate change, Alain wants people to see their environment differently. What he does is sometimes illegal, but most of the time he just gets a fine. The police say he can't climb public buildings, but the only thing that stops this daredevil is rain! When it's wet, Alain can't grip the slippery surfaces. In 2002, he got stuck on the 35th floor of London's Canary Wharf Tower when it started to rain.  He is just an ordinary man living a very dangerous life! You can see videos of Alain in action on YouTube.

Let’s continue with information about phobias.

 People can have either common phobias, like a fear of insects, needles and the dark, or some very strange ones indeed! Vicki Larrieux's fear of vegetables, for example - lachanophobia - makes a trip to the supermarket a nightmare. There are many other cases of odd phobias such as ablutophobia (fear of washing), anthophobia (fear of flowers), catoptrophobia (fear of mirrors) and even obophobia. (the fear of phobias themselves) Some of these fears might sound ridiculous to you, but to a person who suffers from them, they are very real. 

our brain sends signals to pump adrenalin around our body. Our heart beats faster, our skin sweats to keep us cool and our muscles tense so that we are ready to escape the danger. When someone suffers from a phobia however, the danger is mostly in their minds. Maybe someone who i afraid of bees, for instance, once got badly stung by a bee. Their brain now remembers the experience and triggers a fear reaction every time they see a bee, or sometimes even just a photo of a bee. So what's the solution for someone who has phobia?  It's much better for the person to try to face their fear . A person who is afraid of dogs, for example, could start by looking at a photo of a dog. In time, the phobia will disappear for good.

Before the final part I want to tell you about the sleep. That is really important for teenagers.

 When we sleep, our body temperature drops, our heart rate and other bodily functions slow down, but our brains stay very active. What are the different stages? There are four different stages of sleep that repeat every 90 to 110 minutes. Stages N1 and N2 are light sleep and we can easily wake up. In stage N3, we sleep more deeply and it's harder to wake up.  The last stage is REM sleep. Our eyes move around our brain is very active, and we have a lot of dreams. Why do we need sleep? While we sleep, our brain sorts through information, replaces chemicals, repairs cells, and solves problems. Lack of sleep seriously affects our mind and body. When we don't rest enough. we may feel grumpy, forgetful and unable to concentrate. Lack of sleep can also affect our immune system. Over a long time, it may cause depression and personality changes and eventually even shorten our life. How much sleep do we need? It's different for everyone, but on average, babies need 16 to 18 hours of sleep, teenagers about 9 and adults about 7 to 8.

Finally I want to tell about the main Russian tradition - Banya.

People have always enjoyed bathing, not only as a way to keep clean but also to relax. The ancient Greeks and Romans built elaborate and expensive bathhouses in their cities all over the world. Russian people enjoy bathing and the banya, or steam bath, is a very old and popular tradition in Russian culture. Even today, almost every village and town in Russia has its own banya. People usually have at least three rooms; an entrance, a washing room, and a steam room. The steam room is called the parilka. It has rows of benches, a stove with very hot stones in it, and large buckets of water. Bathers take a ladle of hot water and pour it on the stones,filling the room with hot, dry steam. Bathers immediately begin to sweat and relax as the steam opens up the pores in their skin. Russian people often hit themselves with bunches of dried branches and leaves from white birch to improve blood circulation. They also wear special hats to protect their head from intense heat. The banya helps remove toxins from the body, relieves stress, and may even prevent and heal a number of illnesses. 

I believe that those ideas could help you. Health of mind and body are important. Protect yourself……...

Questions

Banya
1 Did the Russian people invent banya?
2 How does the banya treat people?
3 Is banya famous just in Russia?
Phobia
1 Is it real to fight with phobia without help of doctors and psychologists?
2 What is the most common phobia in the world?
3 What are the best places to fight with phobia? (hospitals)
New nasties (phone, computer)
1 The reason of blurred vision is watching on the phone’s screen too long, isn’t?
2 What is more dangerous for our health: phone or computer?
3 How to protect yourself from new nasties?
Natural remedies
1 Why are the natural remedies better than medicines?
2 Natural remedies can be found at home, can’t they?
3 Which remedy is the best for cold autumn days?
Australia
1 Where can I meet the black-colored spider in Australia?
2 Is the bite of black-colored spider fatal?
3 Why is the box jellyfish invisible?
Sleeping
1 How long is the 3rd stage of sleeping?
2 Baby sleep longer than teenagers, don’t they?
3 What stage of sleeping is longer: 3rd or 4th?

final topic 2 module

      Life is too boring without culture. Culture had a big meaning for people from the past, but currently people don't like culture at all. That is frustrating, because in 21th century we can learn culture with many ways. Right now I will tell you about them.

      First of all I want to start with John’s Travels. I let him talk

- Hi, I'm John Thompson from Chicago, USA. I'm 19 years old, and I was travelling around the world all last year. I learnt so much about different cultures and I had some crazy experiences, too. I thought i'd share some of my adventures with you. I hope you enjoy them! Travelling by oxcart! I was travelling in India last September.One day, I somehow caught the wrong bus while trying to get from Delhi to Agra to see the Taj Mahal. I ended up in a small village in the middle of nowhere! "Next bus back to Delhi... tomorrow," the bus driver told me. Just then, a man was passing by with an oxcart. The bus driver stopped him. Before I knew it, I was sitting on top of some sacks on the man's cart, and we were heading back to the city. Most of the way, it was raining, and mosquitoes were buzzing around the ox and biting me. Sanjit only spoke Hindi, but he was smiling and laughing all the way, and he even shared his lunch with me. It was very spicy but delicious. It took us four hours to reach Delhil Despite the rain and mosquitoes, it was a lot of fun. Big waves and little monkeys I had another crazy day while I was visiting the Phi Phi Islands in Thailand in March. One morning, I decided to go on a long-tail boat trip around the islands. Unfortunately the wind was blowing strongly that day and before long, I was feeling very seasick. So, l was very relieved when we stopped at a place called 'Monkey Beach'. Hundreds of monkeys were running towards us as we got off the boat. But then, as I was feeding a piece of pineapple to one monkey, another grabbed my small backpack and quickly ran into the bushes with it! tried to run after it, but it was too fast. The bag had my passport in it! never saw my passport again. had to get a new one from my embassy in Bangkok!

      Next  I will tell about GOOGLE. Google was the brainchild of Larry Page and Sergey Brin. They met in 1995 at Stanford University, USA, while they were studying Computer Science. You could say Google started with an argument as, at first, Sergey and Larry didn't really get on! In fact, they argued and disagreed on just about everything. However, there was one thing they did share: a commitment to making the Internet more user-friendly At that time, Internet search engines were slow and complicated. They listed search results according to the number of times the search term appeared on a page. Larry and Sergey found this frustrating. An idea came to them: why not list search results according to a website's popularity? So, they set about creating a search engine that could calculate how important particular web page was. At first, their research received a fair amount of criticism from experts, but the two friends didn't give up and managed to raise enough money from investors, family and friends to support themselves. While they were developing the search engine, Larry and Sergey realised it needed a catchy name. They were inspired by a mathematical word, 'googol' which means 1 followed by a hundred zeros. They thought it was a really good name, considering the endless amount of information available on the Net, and so 'googol became 'google. In 1998, Larry and Sergey set up their office in a friend's garage and Google went online. Soon, they were answering thousands of search requests per day. People really liked Google's simple, neat design and, of course, its speedy performance! Before long, Sergey and Larry moved their operations to new headquarters they called Googleplex. In 2000, Google introduced ten foreign language versions and officially became the world's most popular search engine. Google now responds to about a bilion search requests per day and its success shows no signs of tading. For most people seeking information, Google is the place to go!

      Next thing is about Lady Gaga. With a string of No.1 hits, an armful of awards and ltalian-American girl from Manhattan, and  chart-topping albums, Lady Gaga is a worldwide sensation. How did it all start though, for the did she achieve such phenomenal fame? Lady Gaga was born in 1986. Her real name is Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta. She could play the piano by ear from the age of four and later said her musical inspiration was the classical composer Johann Sebastian Bach Gaga always loved performing and dreamt of fame from an early age. At 17, she became one of the youngest students at the Tisch School of Performing Arts in New York. After that, she followed her dream the hard way, moving out of her parents' home to a cheap flat,while trying to earn a living as a singer songwriter. It wasn't easy. Gaga spent years performing in clubs without success. Then, her luck Britney Spears and The Pussycat Dolls and music executives quickly spotted her talent for writing pop started to change She began writing songs for successful artists like hits. Meanwhile, Gaga was developing her own image and performance style, wearing outrageous costumes wigs and make-up promote her music. This was the turning point. She songs available as free downloads. Lady Gaga also various things such as her latest fashion statement or Lady Gaga set up her own website, as well as MySpace, Twitter, YouTube and Facebook profiles to grabbed the attention of the world. She even made he used these social media sites to chat with fans about lyrics of a new song, In fact, Lady Gaga's Twitter page now has 7.5 million followers! Lady Gaga shows no sign of slowing down. She writes songs, she sings and she dances, surprising audiences with her unusual clothes. Her talent and hard work have made her a reigning icon of today's pop culture.

      In the middle of my message to you is  about Chinese opera. If you want to watch a music performance that combines song, dance, and striking design, just forget about the latest pop video. Take a look at a truly original style musical performance: Chinese opera. Last month I was on a trip in Shanghai. I was staying with my Chinese friend Mai-Li. She insisted that we go to the Chinese opera and I have to admit the experience was amazing from beginning to end Opera has a long history in China. In ancient times actors performed the operas on the streets on temporary stages with only hanging lanterns for lighting. It's funny to think that such grand art started out like that We arrived at the theatre just before the lights went down As the curtain rose, the actors came on stage in their beautiful costumes the fiery reds and ribbons of gold and silver were like a kaleidoscope of colour! The costumes go all the way back to the street show days, when the actors used to wear bright colours to stand out in the dark. The singing was quite strange- very sharp and high-pitched. could carry over the crowds who gathered to watch. folk tale. A white snake changes into a beautiful girl, and Just like the costumes, the singing style was really ancient. The street performers used to sing that way so that their voices The opera we saw was 'Lady White Snake'; a classic Chinese then falls in love with a human, But the actors didn't only tell the story through song: the dancing and acrobatics were fantastic, too. The actors used not only their faces but also their whole bodies to act out the story and show their emotions. These actors train very hard at opera schools for years from about the age of 7 or 8. There weren't a lot of stage props or scenery because the actors use a lot of symbols to help tell the story. Ar actor galloping with a whip, for example, means they are riding a horse. Doing somersaults from table or a pile of chairs means they are running down a mountain The actors' make-up was incredible. Each colour has a special meaning and reveals something about their character; red means loyalty and bravery, black shows a warrior or a wild character, blue means cruelty and gold and silver means mystery. At the finale, it was breathtaking to see them all on stage together in their bright costumes and make- up. I didn't think that opera was for me, but I can't believe how much I enjoyed it. You must all see Chinese opera one day.

      After that I want to share some information with you about The Haunted City of York you like the idea of exploring historic places around the world, the city of York northern England should definitely be on your list of places visit. The Romans founded this city in 71 AD and it's full of fascinating history and culture. Its a lot of fun to go on a city tour of York and walk along the ancient city walls visit York Minster, one of the largest medieval cathedrals in Europe and wander down the pretty cobbled streets. York is also famous for something else. It is one of the most haunted cities in the world, with about 140 ghosts! In fact, York's many night-time ghost walks are very popular with tourists as they are an entertaining and spooky way to learn about the city's history One York ghost x however stands out above all the rest. It's the story of the Treasurer's House, one of York's many historic buildings. One day in February 1953, a plumber, Harry Martindale, had been in the cellar of the Treasurer's House since morning. He had heard lots of stories about the place being haunted, Just before midday, he was working when he heard a strange noise like a trumpet. He looked back and saw the helmet of a Roman soldier coming through the wal! Harry couldn't believe his eyes. Then, a whole soldier on a horse came through the wall and left through the wall on the other side! Twenty more Roman soldiers followed him. They were marching unhappily in pairs and they were carrying shields and spears. What Harry hadn't noticed was that the soldiers weren't walking on the floor of the cellar, because he couldn't see their legs When he realised that, Harry ran out of the cellar, terrified. He found out later that some Roman soldiers had gone missing in York many centuries before Maybe the soldiers he saw were the missing soldiers and they wer walking on the old Roman road below the cellar. 

      Then I will tell about Social networkig sites. Do you use Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, Friendster or Linkedin? If so, then you are part of a social network. Social networking sites allow us to see our social connections. We can see our friends and their friends through pictures and links in a user-friendly interface. When you create a profile on a social networking site, you open up a huge range of possible social connections. You can look up old friends, make new friends and share music, photos and videos with them. You can also join groups based on your Setting up a social networking account is simple. You just create and post a personal profile. For this you need a login name, password and an email account. Then you add some personal information such as name, age, sex, location, interests, etc. You can also add a photo of yourself. You can personalise your profile and share as much information about yourself as you want. You can also control who sees your profile. For example, you can make sure that you only interests or hobbies, favourite TV shows or music. allow the friends that you have added to your network to see it. The next step is to search the network for your contacts, browse for new ones and add them to your network. You can invite offline friends to join by email or search for friends who are already signed up by name, school, or workplace. Then you can search your friends' connections for anyone else you'd like to add to your network. Different social networking sites allow people to interact in different ways. There are straightforward sites that allow you to expand your personal community such as Facebook. Then there are ones that involve media sharing, such as YouTube, where members upload and look at other people's pictures and videos. There are also ones that specialise in sharing music, such as Last.fm, and finally, ones that allow bloggers to form online communities, such as Livejournal. create very tight-knit community The latest trend in social networking is to create your own independent social network. Companies do this to promote their brand and individuals can do it to.     

      Finally I will tell about Kungur ice cave.
Kungur Ice Cave is near the town of Kungur Mountains in Russia. It is one Bf the biggest fascinating caves in the world and is the only Russia that has been adapted for tourist excursions. People say that Kungur Ice Cave is like a labyrinth inside. It consists of a network of passages and a number of grottos of various sizes. Some of these rottos are fity to a hundred metres in diameter and up twenty metres in height. In all, the cave contains about 60 lakes, over 20 grottos, and around 6000 10 metres of passages. Currently, tourists have access to about 1.5 km these passages. The Kungur Cave has become a very popular attraction over the years thanks to its impressive ice formations, and now receives over 90,000 visitors a 15 year. An excursion through Kungur Cave is a truly unique experience. Visitors are amazed and delighted its beauty and charm once they enter. As they continue into its depths they get a feeling of dizzines because the high level of oxygen in the air and the thought of 20 getting lost in its labyrinths is frightening for some people The main grottos have their own names. The first one tourists get to see is the Brilliant. It is full of breathtaking crystal formations of different shapes. Lights shine on them and make sparkle with different colours. The Meteor Grotto is also 25 quite impressive and even scary for some visitors, as it is always complete darkness. The Titanic is famous for its big underground lake and is one of the most interesting grottos. The Long Grotto, as its name suggests, is the longest grotton Kungur Ice Cave, measuring around 200 metres. It has a number 30 of small lakes with crystal clear water and an entrance to the reserved part of the cave where scientists carry out research. When leaving the cave visitors often get a feeling of returning from a long voyage to the centre of the Earth. The best time to visit Kungur Ice Cave is in late spring when the ice stalactites reach their maximum size. The cave is easy to reach from major towns and numerous travel agencies organise excursions Remember to wear warm clothes and comfortable footwear during the trip.

      Culture is diamond of our lifetime. That is important to learn it. There are a lot of ways of learning and studying culture and it is up to you to choose from. That is your own business.